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The Romans referred to Christians as atheists because their concept of God was so different from the Roman's. This difference was akin to how Marxists view materialism, where making God so materialistic invalidates the concept of God itself.

The conversion of the Franks to Catholicism was a strategic alliance with the local ruling class, enabling them to become the predominant military power in Western Europe. This contrasts with the Visigoths and Ostrogoths, who opposed the local ruling class by adhering to Arianism.

The Aryan migration into Inner Asia and India established cultural patterns that influenced the development of civilizations in these regions.

In the classical world, religion was based on blood lineage, which made assimilation difficult. The Romans cleverly created a parallel system of gods to unify their empire, suggesting that all gods were essentially the same under Zeus. This was a polite mirage that the Christians challenged by claiming theirs was the one true God.

In the High Middle Ages, the Catholic Church's influence was so pervasive in Western Europe that it shaped the very identity of its people. They identified first as Christians rather than Europeans, and this religious framework influenced everything from science to ethics.

During the Dark Ages, the Catholic Church faced theological disputes, particularly with Arian Christians like the Visigoths and Ostrogoths. These groups believed Christ was a man connected to God, not divine. This theological stance led to political tensions and oppression of local Catholics by these Germanic elites.